Chemistry and related sciences

Archive for May, 2010

Major Talk-Radio Attack Against Neo-Con Twisting of Science

Major Talk-Radio Attack Against Neo-Con Twisting of Science

Dan Agin, author of the new book JUNK SCIENCE: How Politicians,
Corporations, and Other Hucksters Betray US (St. Martin’s Press, 2006)
will be interviewed this Saturday, October 7, 2006, by physicist Michio
Kaku on Kaku’s syndicated radio show Science Fantastic. Broadcast times
are as follows:

EST 5 pm to 8 pm

CST 4 pm to 7 pm

MST 3 pm to 6 pm

PST 2 pm to 5 pm

Check local radio listings for radio stations.

Question: What do the following have in common: George W. Bush, Leon
Kass, Milton Friedman, Charles Krauthammer, Francis Fukuyama, William
Kristol, Arthur R. Jensen, Steven Pinker, Dwight J. Ingle, William B.
Shockley, Senator James M. Inhofe, Frederick Seitz, the food industry,
the pharmaceutical industry, the longevity industry, the tobacco
industry, creationism, racist psychology, chiropractics, and
alternative medicine? Answer: They are all attacked by Dan Agin in his
new book JUNK SCIENCE: How Politicians, Corporations, and Other
Hucksters Betray Us. St. Martin’s Press/Thomas Dunne Books, New York,
2006. 336 pp. $24.95. ISBN 0312352417. Available at all bookstores
October 3, 2006.

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Chemical equilibrium – adding water to solution of ions

This question is perhaps a bit basic for this group. I’m in year 12 and
I would like to know the explanation for this chemical equilibrium
observation.

Say we have a solution in equilibrium:

 2CrO4 2-(aq) + 2H3O+(aq) <–> Cr2O7 2-(aq) + 3H2O(l)

Say that the solution currently has an orange colour because the
solution is mostly filled with dichromate ions. If water is then added
to the solution, what happens, and why?

I have done the experiment and I’m pretty sure that the solution
becomes more yellow in colour due to the equilibrium position being
shifted to left. The reason I’m confused is because our syllabus
(http://www.curriculum.wa.edu.au/pages/syllabus_manuals/volumes/VII_sc…)
says:

"3.22 State and apply that changes in the mass of a solid, the volume
of a liquid and the presence of a catalyst have no effect on the
relative proportions of products to reactants at equilibrium."

Adding water (a liquid) should have no effect on the position of
equilibrium according to this statement. My guess is that adding water
dilutes the concentration of the ions and therefore the position of
equilibrium could possibly change. Could someone please help out by
explaining what is happening? Thanks very much.

Regards,
James Midolo

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Is Einstein’s E=mc2, CONCEPTUALLY applicable for energy emitted Chemical Reactions.

Is Einstein’s E=mc2, CONCEPTUALLY applicable for energy emitted
Chemical Reactions.

 Before applying any equation in any phenomena, we have to see the
conditions and assumptions under which EQAUTION IS derived. What have
been the CONDITIONS and ASSUMPTIONS of derivation of an equation? It is
very important, to know these, before applying the equation. For
example Hook’s law is only obeyed within elastic limits and Ohm’s
Law is applicable under certain conditions.

                                        Part I

                       Origin of E=mc2  in  Einstein’s Sep 27 1905
paper

  A.Einstein,   Annalen der Physik     18      (1905) 639-641.
.  DOES THE INERTIA OF A BODY DEPEND
UPON ITS ENERGY-CONTENT?
Weblink is
Einstein’s 27 Sep 1905 paper available at
http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/E_mc2/www/

                 What Einstein did in the paper
Einstein considered a body at rest emitting light energy. Einstein
measured the magnitude of light energy in a moving system. And then he
derived a relation between ENERGY EMITTED (L) and DECREASE IN MASS
(Δm)  of body.
        The basic equation Einstein used is

ℓ* = ℓ{1 – v cos φ/c } /√[1 – v2 /c2]
                   (1)
ℓ* is  light energy measured  in moving in frame and  ℓ is energy
measured in rest frame. Einstein  has  given eq.(1) in his  June 1905
paper,  known as Special Theory of Relativity  and called eq.(1)  as
Doppler principle  for  any velocities whatever. Link for paper of
Special Theory of Relativity
         http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/www/
Then Einstein did  calculations under classical conditions ( v<<c ,
applied Binomial Theorem) and obtained equation
L =   (Mb – Ma )c2 =  Δmc2
L = (Mass of body before emission –Mass of energy after emission) c2
=  Δmc2        (2)
Conceptually, mathematically, scientifically eq.(2)  is meant ONLY for
measurements of MASS DECREASE  when LIGHT ENERGY is emitted. The reason
I that eq.(1) DESCRIBES only Light Energy.
                                                            Part II
In this case Einstein SPECULATED, that
 ‘ whatever is true for Light  Energy , is true for every energy’
Thus, Einstein replaced term L (light energy) by term E (every energy)
without  giving conceptual  reasoning thus ,
    E = (Mass of body before emission –Mass of energy after emission)
c2 =  Δmc2
      Here E stands for every energy  e.g.
(i)     sound energy,
(ii)    heat energy,
(iii)    chemical energy,
(iv)    nuclear energy,
(v)     magnetic energy,
(vi)    electrical energy,
(vii)   energy emitted in form of invisible radiations,
(viii)  energy emitted in cosmological and astrophysical  phenomena
(ix)     energies co-existing in various forms etc. etc. etc.
Now Einstein’s this SPECULATION implies that eq.(1)  i.e.
     ℓ* = ℓ{1 – v cos φ/c } /√[1 – v2 /c2]
                        (1)
is valid for all these energies. BUT EQ.(1) IS DERIVED  FOR LIGHT
ENERGY ONLY.
Einstein did not mentioned about these reactions at all in his paper
.But generalized  eq.(2)  for all these energies.
                                              PartII
Consider simple chemical reactions i.e. combustion of wood of paper.
(i)     Should energy emitted on annihilation of mass, be measured by E=mc2
, when its original form L =mc2  is meant  CONCEPTUAL for Light energy
.
(ii)    Should for all such cases  Light Energy Mass inter conversion be
derived by specifically by other methods .
                                 Part VI
                                 References.

          References of Einstein’s work
.
A.Einstein,   Annalen der Physik     18      (1905) 639-641.
.  DOES THE INERTIA OF A BODY DEPEND
UPON ITS ENERGY-CONTENT?
Weblink is
Einstein’s 27 Sep 1905 paper available at
http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/E_mc2/www/

                                 Part II
    References of Ajay Sharma’s work

My work is available at
A. Sharma, Physics Essays, 17   (2004) 195-222.
”The Origin of Generalized Mass-Energy Equation E = Ac2 M; and
its applications   in General physics and Cosmology”.
http://www.burningbrain.org/pdf/ajaysharma_einstein.pdf

For details
https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?cPath=23_48_3…

                                  International Conferences
It has been accepted for presentation over 55 conferences all over the
world
————————————–few of them
1.  Sharma, A. presented in 19th International Conference on the
Applications  of  Accelerators  in Research and Industry ,  20-25
August , 2006 Fort Worth Texas,  USA

  2.  A. Sharma,   Abstract Book  38th European Group of Atomic Systems
(
Euro physics   Conference)   Isachia (Naples)   Italy   (2006) 53.

3. A. Sharma  , Abstract Book , A Century After Einstein Physics 2005 ,

10-14 April 2005 (  Organizer  Institute of Physics , Bristol )
University of Warwick , ENGLAND

4. A. Sharma  presented in 5th British gravity Conference , OXFORD
ENGLAND

5.  A. Sharma,. Proc.  Int. Conf. on Computational Methods in
         Sciences  and Engineering 2003 World Scientific Co. USA ,
(2003) 585.
6.  A. Sharma,  Proc. Int. Conf. on Number, Time, Relativity United
         Physical Society of Russian Federation, Moscow ,  (2004) 81
  plus more
————————————–
                                 Journals
This paper
”The Origin of Generalized Mass-Energy Equation E = Ac2 M; and
its applications   in General physics and Cosmology”.
 is published in journal
   Physics Essays , CANADA
www.physicsessays.com
The paper
The past ,present and future of E=mc2
 will be published in 2007 Galilean Electrodynamics, Massachusetts,
USA.
In parts it is published in various others journals.
———————-
                               Book    100 Years of E=mc2
For details
https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?cPath=23_48_3…

Ajay Sharma    Email   physicsa…@rediffmail.com         6TH  October
2006

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My webstore to sell lab glassware and supplies: good prices

http://kantu200scientificstore.ecrater.com/

(US domestic shipping only.)

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chicken and egg?

Which came first? Or perhaps what laid this!

www.null-hypothesis.co.uk/interactive/caption-competition

Ideas welcome!

JS

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Cosmetic Chemicals – Grades

What is the industry or regulatory standard for grading cosmetic
chemicals, and where might I find this standard?  I’d like to see a
chart or list of grades and their definitions.

There are so many terms used, some of which do not seem legitimate –
medical grade, for example.

what are the standards?
where are the standards?
who determines the standards?
what grades are acceptable for use in cosmetics?

Thanks in advance,
nan

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Re: neutron decay — the nature of (update)

<http://groups.google.com/group/sci.physics/browse_frm/thread/0825c2d2…>

I need to revise the writ in a writ from earlier toyear.  (O, the URL
therein had "1326" as the thread’s lotter; I didn’t choose it even
thouh it would be relevant to my thèory.)  Fe-56 is not as stabil as
Fe-58, nor is Fe-58 to Ni-62:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron#Isotopes>.  So the neutronic
tètrahèdra need not apply; it seems like they prefer òctahèdra like
charges, at least more than the tètrahèdra when they can afford
these.  With another alfòn it makes Ni-62, with the arketup 1+12+1, to
strengthen my theme of 14 dimensions and states as a needful bund of
the inner, hearrer, and outter.

Wait!  That’s Ni-56: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel#Isotopes>.
"large quantities".  It has a 6-day half-life.  The EC means it makes a
good neutronic sponge, where the six neutròns jam open/shut the whole
outer nucleus.  The alfòn has four bodies, which go well into the gaps
of the /òcta/hèdron.  I predict that you could play with Ni-56 on
neutronic stars like K’nex, and use it for ecaneutronium sunthèsis on
or off stars.  Look at all this crap!:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_nickel>.

other shapes: <http://aip.org/pnu/2000/split/pnu469-2.htm>,
<http://aip.org/servlet/Searchphys?SearchPage=/physnews/update/search….>

Hmm, in other matters, nickel into ununquadium doesn’t look so good.
(Go for ununbium maybe.)  I read that 42 is the meaning of life, the
universe, and everything.  So I peerd at molybdenum earlier but saw
nothing interessent.  But now I see something: 42 goes into 126
threefold, as 126 /is/ a magic lotter but 114 is like semimagic.  The
last stabil isotope is Mo-100(!) with 58 neutròns, and three make
126+174=300(!), and the neutròns are 10 short of their last magic
lotter.  But why should I be surprisede-mòlubdainòs is Hèllenic
for plumbus.  Unbihexium is ecaplutonium, and may be buried in the
Earth’s mantel: <http://www.apsidium.com/elements/126.htm>.  It would
need plutonium fertiliser to reach shell: 3Mo-100 + 3Pu-242 -> ‘Pu-309
+ 3Pu-239 -> ‘Pu-310> + 2Pu-239< + Pu-238.

I’ll forward this to Ken Moody.  BTW, that Nova clip was crap.
Orbitals aren’t a string of things on a ring.

-Aut

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Need help with platinum

Hi All
I invented a metal detector that is very good at detecting platinum ores. IN
the process of

playing with it, I found a huge deposit of high grade ore. I emailed a bunch
of mining companies

soliciting the sale of the detector and the find. No response yet. The
detector is such that who

ever owns the detector, owns the pgm market. If I produce and sell the
detector on the open

market, the pgm prices will crash. If there is no interest from the mining
companies, I would

like to develop the find. I have very little money. I have no interest in
running a mining

company. I don’t know how to process the ores. I am interested in making
money. Any help or

suggestions would be appreciated. Thanks in advance.
Larry Snyder

Below is the letter sent to mining companies:

Hi
I recently invented a new type of metal detector.  In the process of
preparing the patent and

marketing materials, I took it out and used it to determine capabilities and
limits. It turns out

it is extremely good at detecting platinum ores.  I have located a massive
find of platinum ore.

It is located on private lands, which I don’t own. I’m sure something could
be worked out with

the owners. Anyway, the reason for this letter is to find out if there is
any interest in your

company for either the detector or the find. The estimated volume of the ore
is over a million

tons. I would be happy to send you a sample if you are interested. My crude
assay indicates over

1% pt group. Please let me know if you are interested.
Sincerely
Larry Snyder

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Halogen-free Flame Retardants Market Worldwide/New Study by hkc22.com

New Study by hkc22.com:

http://www.hkc22.com/flameretardants.html

http://www.hkc22.com/fireprotection.html

Abstract:

Halogen-free Flame retardants market will increase from 1.62 bn US $ in
2005 and to 2.72 bn US $ in 2010 worldwide.  Nanotechnology will play
the key role in improving fire-retardant performance and reducing
production costs.Halogen-free flame retardants show strong increase
worldwide. In Western Europe, USA and Japan, the public consciousness
of the hazardous halgonenated products, the industrial end-user
initiatives and the environmental legislation push together the market
trend to halogen-free products. In China, Eastern Europe and other
parts of Asia, the booming economy and the strengthened fire protection
standards stimulate the market of fire retardants overall, from which
the halogenated and non-halogenated products both benefit.

The highest increase is to be seen in China with more than 13 percent.
Slightly slow growth in Western Europe and USA, ranging from 9%-11%,
The world market in total will grow from 1.62 bn US $ in 2005 and to
2.72 bn US $ in 2010. The average global annual growth rate is more
than 10%, in comparison with 5% of the general flame retardants market.

hkc22.com
tang

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Hemolysin of Blewitt Mushroom?

The mushroom, Lepista nuda, Blewitt, is said to
contain a hemolysin toxin that is destroyed by cooking.
I have been unable to find any info on the name of
the toxin, the LD50, it’sextraction, etc.
Any help would be appreciated

What journal or book might have this info?

Thanks!
BGL

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